Topology Computer Network का Design है इसे ऐसे भी समझ सकते है की जो हमारे Network Device है वो कैसे एक दुसरे से Connect होंगे और कैसे एक दुसरे के साथ Data Transfer करेंगे. Avrdude usb serial controller. Bandwidth capacity 5. Ease of installation 6. Ease of troubleshooting 7. Delay involved in routing from one node to another. Types of Topologies • While making a selection of a particular topology we consider the relative status of different devices that are to be linked. • The nodes in a network can have following two relationships: 1. Peer to Peer: In this relationship, all the devices in the network have equal status in sharing the link. For example, Ring & Mesh topology. Primary-Secondary: In this, one device controls the traffic and all other devices transmit through primary device. Star topology. Basic Network Topology The three simple Topology that are combined to form a basic Network Topology. They are, Bus Topology, Ring and Star Topology. Bus Topology The physical Bus Network Topology is the simplest and most widely used of the network designs. It consists of one continuous length of cable (trunk) that is shared by all the nodes in the network and a terminating resistor (terminator) at each end that absorbs the signal when it reaches the end of line. Without a terminator the electrical signal would reach the end of copper wire and bounce back, causing errors on the network. Data communication message travels along the bus in both directions until it is picked up by a workstation or server NIC. If the message is missed or not recognized, it reaches the end of the cabling and dissipates at the terminator. Bus Network Topology requires a multipoint connection. All nodes on the bus topology have equal access to the trunk. This is accomplished using short drop cables or direct T-connectors. The number of devices and the length of the trunk can be easily expanded. Advantages of Bus Topology The advantages of physical bus topology are: • It uses established standards and it is relatively easy to install and the use for small networks. • It requires less media than other topologies. • Failure of one node does not affect the network functioning. • Cost is less as only one main cable is required and least amount of cable is required to connect computers. • Expansion is easier. New node can be easily added by using a connector. Disadvantages of Bus Topology The disadvantages of bus Topology are: • If the main central line fails the entire network collapses. • The bus networks are difficult to reconfigure, especially when the acceptable number of connections or maximum distances have been reached. • They are also difficult to troubleshoot because everything happens on a single media segment. This can have dangerous consequences because any break in the cabling brings the network to its knee. • Sharing a single communication channel results in slower access time. • In this topology, higher network traffic slows down the bus speed. Only one device transmits at a time, other devices wait for their turn. As a result there is no coordination between the devices for reservation of transmission time slots, so data collisions are frequent. Ring Topology The physical ring Topology is a circular loop of point-to-point links. Each device connects directly to the ring or indirectly through and interface device or drop cable. Message travel around the ring from node to node in a very organized manner. Each workstation checks the message for a matching destination address. If the address doesn't match the node simply regenerates the message and sends it on its way.
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